Classroom
Guidelines
1. Single Copying for Teachers
A single copy may be made of any of the following by or
for a teacher at his or her individual request for his or
her scholarly research or use in teaching or preparation
to teach a class:
- A chapter from a book;
- An article from a periodical or newspaper;
- A short story, short essay or short poem, whether or not from a collective work;
- A chart, graph, diagram, drawing, cartoon or picture from a book, periodical, or newspaper;
2. Multiple Copies for Classroom
Use
Multiple copies (not to exceed in any event more than one
copy per pupil in a course) may be made by or for the
teacher giving the course for classroom use or
discussion; provided that:
- The copying meets the tests of brevity and spontaneity as defined below; and,
- Meets the cumulative effect test as defined below; and,
- Each copy includes a notice of copyright.
Definitions
Brevity
(i) Poetry: (a) A complete poem if less than 250 words
and if printed on not more than two pages or, (b) from a
longer poem, an excerpt of not more than 250 words.
(ii) Prose: (a) Either a complete article, story or essay
of less than 2,500 words, or (b) an excerpt from any
prose work of not more than 1,000 words or 10% of the
work, whichever is less, but in any event a minimum of
500 words.
[Each of the numerical limits stated in "i" and "ii"
above may be expanded to permit the completion of an
unfinished line of a poem or of an unfinished prose
paragraph.]
(iii) Illustration: One chart, graph, diagram, drawing,
cartoon or picture per book or per periodical
issue.
(iv) "Special" works: Certain works in poetry, prose or
in "poetic prose" which often combine language with
illustrations and which are intended sometimes for
children and at other times for a more general audience
fall short of 2,500 words in their entirety. Paragraph
"ii" above notwithstanding, such "special works" may not
be reproduced in their entirety; however, an excerpt
comprising not more than two of the published pages of
such special work and containing not more than 10% of the
words found in the text thereof, may be reproduced.
Spontaneity
(i) The copying is at the instance and inspiration of the
individual teacher, and
(ii) The inspiration and decision to use the work and the
moment of its use for maximum teaching effectiveness are
so close in time that it would be unreasonable to expect
a timely reply to a request for permission.
Cumulative Effect
(i) The copying of the material is for only one course in
the school in which the copies are made.
(ii) Not more than one short poem, article, story, essay
or two excerpts may be copied from the same author, nor
more than three from the same collective work or
periodical volume during one class term.
(iii) There shall not be more than nine instances of such
multiple copying for one course during one class
term.
[The limitations stated in "ii" and "iii" above shall not
apply to current news periodicals and newspapers and
current news sections of other periodicals.]
III. Prohibitions as to I and II Above
Notwithstanding any of the above, the following shall be
prohibited:
(A) Copying shall not be used to create or to replace or
substitute for anthologies, compilations or collective
works. Such replacement or substitution may occur whether
copies of various works or excerpts therefrom are
accumulated or reproduced and used separately.
(B) There shall be no copying of or from works intended
to be "consumable" in the course of study or teaching.
These include workbooks, exercises, standardized tests
and test booklets and answer sheets and like consumable
material.
(C) Copying shall not:
- substitute for the purchase of books, publishers’ reprints or periodicals;
- be directed by higher authority;
- be repeated with respect to the same item by the same teacher from term to term.
- No charge shall be made to the student beyond the actual cost of the photocopying.